The study deals with the participance of Czech scholars in the Galician campaigns during the First World War on two examples: art historian Zdeněk Wirth (1878-1961) and laywer Emil Svoboda (1878-1948), in both cases distinguished scholars. The text is based on primary sources (letters, unpublished memoirs) and presents the everyday life of both commissioned officers, their attitude to the war conflict as well as their opinions on the ethnic problems observed in the front line and in the hinterland.