This article, therefore, explores translators' and interpreters' work during the first contacts with the New World, and views retrospectively the origin and development of Translation Studies in Latin America, introducing, for example, the first interpreter, doña Marina, the first translator, Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, the first expert on translation theory and criticism, José Martí, the first anthologies and projects devoted to translation and interpreting etc. The aim is to explain which themes studied in Latin America can inspire Czech Translation Studies.