Abstract
Acute leukemia in children is the most common malignancy, affecting every year in the Czech and Slovak Republics together about 120 children's and adolescents under 18 years of age. 85% of acute leukemia in children are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 15% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), individual cases they have characteristics of both disorders (leukemia Mixed phenotype). ALL affects mostly young children aged 2-5 years of life, damage to the first genetic immature lymphocyte usually occurs in utero fetal life and after birth are starting torque further develop leukemia gene aberrations caused by common infections and chance.
The incidence of leukemia has been slightly increasing over time and is more common in developed countries. The clinical manifestations of the disease respond to changes in blood count (anemia - fatigue, neutropenia - an infection, thrombocytopenia - bleeding), they are very common pain in the extremities and spine.
ALL is a fatal disease, untreated quickly leads to the death of a child bleeding, infection, multiple organ failure.