Gasotransmitters in gametogenesis and early development: Holy Trinity for Assisted Reproductive Technology. A Review
Abstrakt
Creation of both gametes, sperm and oocyte, and their fusion during fertilization, are essential step for beginning of life. Although molecular mechanisms regulating gametogenesis, fertilization and early embryonic development are still subjected to intensive study, a lot of phenomena remains unclear.
Based on our best knowledge and own results, we consider gastoransmitters to be esential or various signalisation in oocytes and embryos. In accordance to nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) physiological necessity, their involvement during oocyte maturation and regulative role in fertilization followed by embryonic development have been described.
During these processes, NO- and H2S-derived post-translational modifications represent the main mode of their regulative effect. While NO represent the most understood gasotransmitter and H2S is still intensively studied gasotransmitter, appreciation of carbon monoxide (CO) role in reproduction is still missing.
Overall understanding of gasotransmitters including their interaction is promising for reproductive medicine and assisted reproductive technologies (ART), because these approaches contend with failure of in vitro assisted reproduction.