Abstract
The living bone tissue, like other biological systems, has the ability of optimising these structures at all "its" structural levels, optimising their functions and their behaviour. The present paper is concerned with the new histological observation of human femoral cortical bone at the submicrostructural levels.
The objective of this study is to verify and refine the descriptions of submicrostructures of the human diaphyseal compact bone (in selected localities of the human femoral diaphysis) with the scanning electron microscope. We apply the SEM - Quanta 450 with the EDS-Apollo X detector for exact determination of submicrostructures.
As the domains of the 2nd structural level are mineralized nanofibrils, then dominant domains of the 3rd structural level are layered nanoshalls, creating the mineralized cylindrical columns, i.e. mineralized microfibres. Each mineralized nanoshell having the thickness of 100-140 nm is composed of parallel oriented mineralized nanofibrils (nanorods) having roughly the same orientation in the same shell nanolayer.
The nano/substructural elements are formed (during the bone remodelation) under the influence of the dominant biomechanical features of torsional micromoments, microforces in tension and/or in compression.