Abstract
Major statement: Which patients should be tested for HIV and how to manage HIV-positive patients in urological clinical practice. By immune system destruction, human immunodeficiency virus infection eventually leads to the death of affected patients.
The prevalence of HIV infection in the Czech Republic is rising due to multiple causes, one of which is prolonged survival of patients treated with combined antiretroviral therapy. This has led to a dramatic decrease in the incidence of opportunistic infections and virusrelated malignancies.
Thus, the urologist is increasingly likely to encounter people living with HIV who present with the same urological problems as the general population. This review describes HIV- related conditions most likely to be seen in urological practice.
Also, the risk of professional exposure is discussed and practical information on HIV testing is provided.