Abstract
Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Diseases (MSMD) encompasses a newly emerged group of monogenic primary immunodeficiencies caused by defects in IL12-IL23/IFNγ mediated mononuclear phagocyte-Th1 communication pathway. Patients typically display various degree of selective impairment of immunity against mycobacteria (particularly against weakly virulent strains) and nontyphoid salmonellae; other aspects of host defence remain intact.
Depending on the specific mutation, the clinical presentation ranges from mild adverse reactions to BCG vaccine to life-threatening disseminated mycobacterial infections and salmonellosis. The following case review reports on first two patients diagnosed with MSMD in the Czech Republic: a girl with IFNγ receptor mutation and a boy with STAT1 loss of function mutation.