Eu(III) Complex with DO3A-amino-phosphonate Ligand as a Concentration-Independent pH-Responsive Contrast Agent for Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)
Abstract
A new DOTA-like ligand H(5)do3aNP with a 2-[amino(methylphosphonic acid)]ethyl-coordinating pendant arm was prepared, and its coordinating properties were studied by NMR spectroscopy and potentiometry. The study revealed a rare slow exchange (on the (1)H and (31)P NMR time scale) between protonated and unprotonated complex species with a corresponding acidity constant pK(A) ~ 8.0.
This unusually slow time scale associated with protonation is caused by a significant geometric change from square-antiprismatic (SA) arrangement observed for protonated complex SA-[Eu(Hdo3aNP)]- to twisted-square-antiprismatic (TSA) arrangement found for deprotonated complex TSA-[Eu(do3aNP)](2-). This behavior results in simultaneous occurrence of the signals of both species in the (31)P NMR spectra at approximately -118 and +70 ppm, respectively.
Such an unprecedented difference in the chemical shifts between species differing by a proton is caused by a significant movement of the principal magnetic axis and by a change of phosphorus atom position in the coordination sphere of the central Eu(III) ion (i.e., by relative movement of the phosphorus atom with respect to the principal magnetic axis). It changes the sign of the paramagnetic contribution to the (31)P NMR chemical shift.
The properties discovered can be employed in the measurement of pH by MRS techniques as presented by proof-of-principle experiments on phantoms.