Abstract
The usual treatment strategy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is sequential targeted therapy using inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor and the mTOR kinase complex. Three large studies of adjuvant treatment for localised renal cancer have been published recently, with discordant results.
Immunotherapy continues to be studied extensively, with nivolumab being the first imunooncology agent registered for the treatment of mRCC. Despite the advances in systemic therapy for mRCC, surgery remains the only curative option.