Abstract
The therapy of malignant melanoma has changed dramatically during the last decade. Until 2011, the main treatment modality was chemotherapy.
Currently, there are new options for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma, which show superior efficacy to chemotherapy. The development of novel treatment methods was enabled by understanding the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma and identification of key structures controlling the immune response.
The standard treatment for advanced malignant melanoma is currently based on targeted therapy - the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors (vemurafenib + cobimetinib, dabrafenib + trametinib) in patients with tumours carrying a BRAF mutation and immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab) regardless of the presence of BRAF mutation.