Abstract
The development of the branch of military surgery was in modern Czech history connected to the activities of the Military Medical Academy - Josephinum in Vienna (1785-1874), where many experts of Czech origin worked. After its closing down, the Surgical Clinic of the Czech Medical Faculty in Prague (professors Weiss, Maydl, Kukula, Jedlička, etc.) profiled profoundly in the above-mentioned branch of military surgery.
A new chapter in the development of military surgery was written by World War I. Significant figures of Czech military surgery can be found both in the ranks of the Austrian-Hungarian Army medical service and in the Czechoslovak legionary troops in Russia, France, and Italy.
The post-war development of military surgery was most deserved by the long-time head of Charles University's Department of Surgery, prof. MUDr.
Arnold Jirásek. Thanks to him a specialized department - the Institute of Military Surgery - was established at this clinic.
The 80th anniversary of its official opening fell on November the 24th 2016. However, events in Czechoslovakia at the end of the 1930's disrupted the development of military surgery in domestic conditions.
The new stage started to be developed by Czechoslovakian surgeons in the World War II battlefields.