The study delineates the importance and influence of Jan Evangelista Purkyně (1787-1869) in relation to the philosophy and history of the natural sciences. The reference of J.
E. Purkyně, probably the most prominent natural scientist who came out of the Czech environment, is extremely versatile and for two centuries since he was also evaluated with varying degrees.
It interfered in both the general development of the sciences of life and medicine, as well as the formation of 19th century Czech science.