Do direct subsidies stimulate new R&D outputs in firms? A comparison of the IMPULS, TIP and ALFA programmes
Abstract
This study compares output additionality effects of the IMPULS, TIP and ALFA programmes, which provided direct public support of R&D to business enterprises in the Czech Republic. Using a large and rich firm-level dataset we employ a non-parametric propensity score matching estimator to find out whether these subsidy programmes stimulated additional R&D output in terms of applications for formal intellectual property (IP) protection, such as patents of invention and utility models, which would not be produced, if the subsidy was not provided.