Fluorescent Sulphur- and Nitrogen-Containing Porous Polymers with Tuneable Donor-Acceptor Domains for Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution
Abstrakt
Light-driven water splitting is a potential source of abundant, clean energy, yet efficient charge-separation and size and position of the bandgap in heterogeneous photocatalysts are challenging to predict and design. Synthetic attempts to tune the bandgap of polymer photocatalysts classically rely on variations of the sizes of their pi-conjugated domains.
However, only donor-acceptor dyads hold the key to prevent undesired electron-hole recombination within the catalyst via efficient charge separation. Building on our previous success in incorporating electron-donating, sulphur-containing linkers and electron-withdrawing, triazine (C3N3) units into porous polymers, we report the synthesis of six visible-light-active, triazine-based polymers with a high heteroatom-content of S and N that photocatalytically generate H-2 from water: up to 915 mu mol h(-1)g(-1) with Pt co-catalyst, and-as one of the highest to-date reported values -200 mu mol h(-1) g(-1) without.
The highly modular Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling reaction we employ, enables a systematic study of mixed (S, N, C) and (N, C)-only polymer systems. Our results highlight that photocatalytic water-splitting does not only require an ideal optical bandgap of approximate to 2.2eV, but that the choice of donor-acceptor motifs profoundly impacts charge-transfer and catalytic activity.