Beyond the ladder of participation: An analytical toolkit for the critical analysis of participatory media processes
Abstract
Participatory research is facing three challenges-how to deal with the theoretisation and conceptualisation of participation; how to support the research with analytical models; and how the evaluate the research outcomes. This chapter aims to address these three problems by distinguishing two main approaches (a sociological and a political) in participatory theory and developing a four-level and 12-step analytical model that functions within the political approach.
In this analytical model, a series of key concepts are used: process, field, actor, decision-making moment and power. The normative-evaluative problem is addressed by reverting to the critical perspective to evaluate the societal desirability of particular participatory intensities.
This critical perspective-potentially-adds a 13th and final normative layer to the analytical model.