ART is an Open Source rendering framework for physically based rendering, and is licensed under the GNU GPL v. 3.0. It offers a number of features which were unique at the time it was published in September 2018.
At its core, ART is a spectral rendering system. Which by itself is already very rare, although a few other such systems do exist.
However, it also supports the handling of polarisation effects, and is capable of dealing with wavelength-shifting materials (also known as fluorescent materials). Both features are not available in any other extant rendering system that is publicly available, and ART is intended as a research tool for the rendering community to investigate the impact of these features on rendering pipelines.