This article deals with anti-utopian and dystopian literature, development of the genre and attempts at its definition. The first part contains a description of attributes characteristic of the genre: newspeak, the petrified world, and the division of the world into two fields (Us vs.
Them). In conclusion, the author describes the differences between anti-utopia and dystopia, their delimitation as specific genres, proceeding primarily from the theory of petrified worlds.
She also stressess the importance of a political reading of the dystopian and anti-utopian literature based on the close relation between the real world and fiction in this genre.