Abstract
We conduct an empirical study on three waves of the European Social Survey (2010, 2012, and 2014), in order to estimate the level of integration of first and second generation immigrants in 13 European countries. The study covers both individual and socioeconomic integration of immigrants through subjectively reported answers of individuals to survey questions, including their occupational status and net household income level.
We also study the naturalization premiums of first generation immigrants and the attitude of the native population towards new immigrants. Moreover, by categorizing the selected countries based on the strictness of their naturalization policies expressed through the level of favorability for immigrants, we attempt to estimate the relationship between these policies and the integration of immigrants.
The results show no evidence of better integration of immigrants in the observed countries with stricter citizenship policies.