Abstract
This paper addresses two basic issues, the first being the problem of cooperation between anthropology and psychology, while the second pertains to the role of materialism in the inquiry into spiritual experiences, i.e. whether materialistic explanation of mental states and processes should become an integral part of anthropology. We consider an interdisciplinary approach to understanding religion indeed to be desirable; however, the specific nature of cooperation between anthropology and psychology remains an open question, especially in terms of the role anthropology should play therein.
We also reject the notion that such cooperation must necessarily take the form of a materialistic explanation of mental processes and, by extension, of social reality - we point out that the exact nature and implications of materialism in relation to human mind are far from conclusively settled. We also address the question of whether the adoption of materialistic ontology is a necessary condition of the scientific approach and whether the scientific perspective forces us to shun the possibility that the emic concepts of the supernatural, "other reality", or spiritual beings have their real counterparts in the outside world.
We also discuss what makes contemporary occulture specific in this regard.