The aim of this contribution is to identify and compare elements of market economy which were introduced into agriculture sector of two socialist countries, namely Czechoslovakia and Hungary, during the post-Stalinism period. The autor focuses on agricultural cooperatives as a specific sector of national economy which had a special status.
Introduction of pro-market measures is studied within a wider context of search for an optimal socioeconomic arrangement in the socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe in the post-Stalinist era. Differences and similarities in the historical development of the two countries, Czechoslovakia and Hungary, are taken into account.