The chapter uses the example of Portugal to show how a dominantly wine producing country introduced beer production and consumption, as a result of economic and social changes during the 20th century. The growth of the importance of beer resulted in the lower consumption of wine and wine derived liquors.
The beer brewing development, especially the introduction of the Pilsener type of beer, is connected with the development of Luso-Czechoslovak relations in the first half of the 20th century.