Abstract
Diabetes in pregnancy is divided into gestational and pregestational diabetes mellitus. Gestational diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose metabolism that occurs during pregnancy and spontaneously disappears during labor.
Affects up to 15 % of pregnant women. As pregestational diabetes mellitus, we refer to diabetes that developed before pregnancy.
Includes mainly type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The basis of treatment of diabetes are lifestyle interventions - a diabetic diet with limited carbohydrate intake, physical activity and regular self-monitoring.
Insulin and metformin maybe used during pregnancy. In recent years, have increased data on the safety of metformin use in the first trimester of pregnancy.
In diabetes treatment during pregnancy, continuous glucose monitoring is increasingly being used. To achieve optimal diabetes compensation and to reduce the risk of pregnancy and perinatal complications, interdisciplinary collaboration is needed between diabetes, gynecologist and neonatologist.