After having compared and put into context the various definitions of Americanization and Americanity, the article retraces the history and the paradoxes of their theorization. Finally, it provides a brief typology of contemporary novels in which the United States plays a crucial role: "novels of the road" that have multiplied since the 1980s, following the inspiration of Volkswagen blues (1984) by Jacques Poulin or The Lament of Charlie Longsong (1996) by Roch Carrier; works "emblematic of Quebec's modernity"; texts corresponding to what Benoît Melançon called "the School of the Ch'en'ssa" and many ironic versions of American myths.