Abstract
Capuchins were active in the early modern ages as missionaries in various regions of the world, from Tibet via Congo all the way to Canada and New England. Accordingly, missionary activities of Bohemian Capuchins were not limited to the Czech Lands only, which formed part of the re-catholisation programme, but also included Upper Hungary, Poland, Russia, today's Ukraine, Georgia and Persia.
In the Polish region, Bohemian Capuchins helped to establish the order in 1738-1761, instructing the first generation of local brethren how to live regular life according to ordinal rules. However, Poland often served Bohemian Capuchins as a transit route for their missions to Russia, where they were allowed to act as missionaries of the Congregation for Propagation of the Faith among the non-Russian populace, and provided spiritual service to local Catholics, i.e. foreigners who arrived in the empire during the reigns of Peter I and Catherine II.
Bohemian Capuchins left for Muscovite missions in 1737-1767, with their Russian activities not limited to Moscow only: their activity is also documented in Astrakhan and Nizhyn. Partly connected to these Russian missions (esp. those to Astrakhan) were Bohemian Capuchins' activities in the South-Georgian city of Akhaltsikhe a in the North-Persian city of Rasht.