Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous group of diseases affecting both lean and obese individuals of all ages, including obese children. Its most common form begins to develop after exceeding the individual capacity of adipose tissue (fat threshold), leading to ectopic fat deposition in muscles and liver and development of insulin resistance.
In pre-disposed individuals, beta cells dysfunction also develops, resulting in a gradual increase of blood sugar to diabetic levels. This article deals with an explanation of individual mechanisms and gradual steps of this pathological process.The disease has long been considered chronic, progressive and incurable.
However, bariatric surgery has clearly demonstrated the possibility of Type 2 DM remission. In recent years, more studies have shown that remission can also be achieved through some of the re-established dietary methods such as a low energy or a ketogenic diet.
The common feature of successful treatments for Type 2 DM is the management of metabolic overload caused by chronic overnutrition. The article explains the mechanisms that are important for achieving remission and summarizes the basic principles of current pharmacological therapy.