Abstract
In contemporary times, most public debates and taxpayers complains in several industrialised democracies including Austria, Finland and Czech Republic is about welfare dependency and the increased movement of people who include Third-country nationals (see Esien, 2019, 2020). Third-country nationals in this discourse refers to heterogeneous groups of non-EU citizens with different needs, wants, purposes, and entry status.
They are moving either involuntarily or voluntarily in time and space. Those that move willingly (or voluntarily) legally possess visa and residence permits (short or long-term) either to join their families, work or for education purposes etc.
In fact, third-country nationals work, come with social remittances to their host countries (in this case Austria, Finland and Czechia) and pay taxes that contribute to their host country's revenue system, welfare state, income and social insurance systems, Gross Domestic Products- GDP, and economic prosperity.