The aim of the text is to evaluate how Czech artists working during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century used archaeological themes in their artworks. The development of using of these themes is shown on artworks of J.
V. Hellich, J.
Mánes, M. Aleš, A.
Vraný and later J. Panuška and M. Švabinský.
First mentioned artists used archaeological finds for strengthening of paintings authenticity in their historical paintings. The gradual transformation of artists' interest and the development of the landscape painting genre shifted the theme to archaeological reconstruction and the insertion of archaeological themes into landscape views (works of Panuška and Švabinský).