Public work programs, wage subsidies, and tax credits: In enabling state subsidization gevernance fort third-country national's work promotion in Austria, Finland, and Czechia
Abstract
This paper examines public work programs, wage subsidies, and tax credits under enabling state public assistance subsidization governance to enable young third-country immigrants' (TCIs) transition to work in Austria, Finland, and Czechia. Existing research pointed to enabling state market-based subsidization governance that stimulates employment but faces implementation challenges.
Based on documents analysis, this paper concludes a convergence of the selected entities towards conditional hiring subsidies regulatory governance with lack of transparency that administers young TCIs transition to work. However, Finland differs from Austria and Czechia with maintenance subsidies earmarked to recruitment, job rotation and sharing, whereas Austria and Czechia focus on recruitment.
The outcome points to recommodification of labour. This is relevant to selective targeting in a neo-liberal real politic setting, but imperative to inefficiency and divisiveness that may impair vulnerable people's labour market participation, penalize belongings, jeopardize sustainable finance, social cohesion, and open democratic values in contemporary crisis-related society.