Abstract
The criminal sociological direction began to develop in the second half of the 19th century. However, the first positivist work devoted to crime is considered to be the publication of two statisticians - the Belgian Adolph Quetelet of 1831 and the Frenchman André Michel Guerry (1802-1866) from 1820 and 1830.
Both treated social data as if they were physical sciences. In the field of crime studies, for the first time, it has been scientifically established that individual crimes become a phenomenon that differs from the individual elements they constitute.
Crime arises as a social phenomenon.