Abstract
The study examines aspects of resentiment in Dostoevsky's novel Notes from the Underground. Based on the letters in which Nietzsche mentions Dostoevsky, the text works with the hypothesis that both thinkers were aiming at the same habitual attitude and that resentiment can be an interpretative key to the analysis of the man from the underground.
Thus, through the motif of resentiment, a specific anthropological image emerges, which, according to Nietzsche and Dostoevsky, aptly characterises the man of modernity. The critique of ressentiment in both of them therefore flows into a critique of the modern way of life, respectively. those areas of it which are prominently permeated by resentiment.