Abstract
Postural control or balance can be defi ned statically as the ability to maintain a base of support with minimal movement and dynamically as the ability to perform a task while maintaining a stable position. Correction of posture in upright stanceis achieved by feedback mechanisms that generate an appropriate corrective torque based on bodysway motion detected by the visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive sensory systems.
However, the primary source of information is provided by the visual systém. For the development of optimal balance are more important specifi c sensorimotor challenges, rather than just general sport aktivity.
Training experiences that improve neuromuscular coordination are also likely mechanisms that lead to improved balance. For this reason athletes improve balance signifi cantly more than non athletes.
Balance requires achieving the most mechanically effi cient position of the body, reducing the abnormal wearing of joint surfaces and reducing stress on the ligaments holding the joints of the spine together, becoming a useful skill for the daily life. This article is focused mainly on the techniques used in balance programs and on their practical examples.