This chapter traces how hesychast teaching on the uncreated grace and deification, on the essence-energy distinction, and on the centrality of the heart returned to twentieth-century theology. First, it sketches the influence of Sophiology on the modern Orthodox reading and understanding of the Hesychast Fathers.
The main part of the chapter concentrates on a particular Western interpretation of hesychasm, its teaching and practices as represented by a Czech Jesuit living and teaching in Rome, Cardinal Tomáš Špidlík, and his school.