How to Counter Disinformation: Four Lines of Defense

Abstract

Presentation of various countermeasures against disinformation, organised in four bigger groups:

1) documenting of the threat;

2) raising awareness about the threat;

3) repairing the weaknesses in the information ecosystem;

4) limiting, punishing, deterring the information aggressors.

Keywords

• disinformation
• countermeasures against disinformation
• strategic communication