Abstract
Ensuring equal access to modern diagnosis and treatment of patients with less frequently occurring diseases as well as with common diseases is dealt with by European and subsequently Czech law. A model case in hemato-oncology are the individual subtypes of lymphoma, which as separate clinical entities require a specific treatment strategy and, due to their frequency in the population (< 5/10,000), are classified as rare diseases.
The issue of the availability of modern treatment indicated by the lege artis attending physician for all patients is a frequently discussed topic not only from the point of view of jurisprudence, but also from the point of view of doctors who are exposed to contradictory situations on a daily basis. A solution can be brought by the continuation of a society-wide discussion with the involvement of the state administration, insurance companies, professional societies and, last but not least, also patients.