Abstract
The attachment theory by John Bowlby [2] and Mary Ainsworth [3], is an expression of the emotional attachment of a small child to the mother and other close persons. The essence of the study is to elaborate a theory of the factors of findings that influence attachment.
Historically, it was assumed that the foetus lives in the womb, separated from the outside world, then it comes into contact with the world after birth. In the course of time, it has been proven that a prenatal child responds to the external environment, that all its senses are developed and that it even remembers.
These facts led to the establishment of a new scientific discipline of prenatal psychology that deals with the development, effect of emotions, behaviour and experiences of a human before birth. The attachment theory was developed in that relation.
In the first place, the object of attachment is the pregnant woman, who has to deal with her own physical, psychological, social and economic changes resulting from the pregnancy. In the second stage, the woman has to learn about the foetus's - child's possibilities, especially sensory perception, i.e. music, touch, smell, taste, sight, and about the harmful effects of the external environment that disturb attachment such as drugs and nicotine.
In the third stage, the pregnant woman should learn about the methods of communication with the child. Bowlby [2] and Ainsworth [3] advise the necessity to build proper attachment, especially of the mother, from the very beginning of the pregnancy.
They point out that an imperfect or pathological attachment can cause lifelong harm of the individual [2,3]. The determinant of healthy development originates in early life as social determinants of health.
The determinants related to social support, socialization and stress of the mother during pregnancy and the birth of the child are influenced in the same way. The child's perinatal and postnatal development is affected, for example, by the mother's addictions [4].