In the nineteenth century, both China and Japan came to adopt certain elements of Western culture. After a long period of Japan's obtaining information about the Western world mainly through Chinese mediation, the situation changed at the end of the nineteenth century.
In the process of modernization of Chinese music, the Japanese model played a central role, not only during the early stages of New Music (music combining Chinese and European traditions), but also still during the first half of the twentieth century. By the end of the Qing dynasty (1644-1912), the new Chinese system of music education, based on the Japanese system, came to be one of the principal channels for China's acquaintance with Western music.