Abstract
Background: This article raises the question of whether Marx's dream of humanized and spiritual secularism is justified. It focuses on theoretical approaches that emphasize the interrelationship between physical and spiritual life, in particular on two concepts: Andre Leroi-Gourhan's operational chain and Marcel Mauss's techniques of the body.
Marx's philosophy of praxis is presented for two purposes: to explain the essential aspects of his critique of religion, and to legitimize the question of the positive role of religion in today's world. Conclusion: The insights of all thinkers will help to understand more clearly how human actions are related to spirituality, which is extremely important for Christian churches in their efforts to become part of the transformation of the world (in a positive direction).