Abstract
What does utopia mean and represent? The etymological basis for the word "utopia" is a place "nowhere", i.e. a place that exists nowhere in the world. In the historical development, different theoretical conceptions have existed side by side.
Many of them have emphasised the social side of development. These theories were then given the name: Alternative socio-economic theories, which include utopian approaches.
Even though society is evolving, these concepts have not lost their validity and we can still encounter new utopian theories today in the form of visions of the future. In the past, these approaches were even called Normal Science.
These approaches are being undermined and at the same time enriched by alternative views that try to respond adequately to the new situation. A typical example is the emergence of Keynesianism in the 1930s into liberal economics.