A pioneer of critical urban sociology and the first author to develop the ideas of Henri Lefebvre for an Anglophone audience, Mark Gottdiener, points to the permanence and theoretical resistance of the concepts of Lefebvre and Manuel Castells, which can be essential for the Central and Eastern European area as well. For the specific varieties of capitalism in these countries, however, it remains true that housing reformism will never completely eradicate the inequalities that capitalism causes.