Abstract
The presented study examines the situation of Jews in the Bohemian kingdom during the reign of Wenceslaus IV. The text is divided into two parts.
In the first part, the historical context of the Jewish settlement in Bohemia and the political attitude of the king toward the Jews are analysed. The second part focuses on the image of Wenceslaus IV and the reflection of his relation to the Jews.
In several sources written both by Christians and Jews, the Bohemian (and from 1376 to 1400 also Roman) king was repeatedly called as a friend and supporter of the Jews, sometimes even as rex Iudeorum. Using sources showing similar designations of other rulers (Rudolf III, Albrecht II and Friedrich III), the purpose of this study is to verify to which extent this accusation finds support in historical events and reality and to which measure it is only literary topos used by opponents to disparage the king.