Abstract
Food labels have been used extensively for informing consumers to make more rational and safer decisions. However, this carries the risk of confusing consumers with multiple claims which may distract from key infor-mation such as the country of origin of the product.
To inform the European legislation, we have tested labels on fish and aquaculture products in three separate experiments, across several European Member States. The main results showed that mandatory information is better recalled than voluntary information.
In addition, consumers perceive, and process differently labels for farmed and caught fish, relying more on quality claims for the former. Nonetheless, in both cases, while they value visual information, they are likely to be confused by voluntary claims including flags.
Finally, when additional claims are added step by step, they lead to a decrease in accuracy of recall and comprehension. In sum, less is better, because too much information on food labels lead to cognitive overload and consumer confusion.