1. Introduction to the Course

2. A Question of Definition and Comparison

3. Politics of War and Peace: European Law of Nations versus Geopolitics in the Treaty of Paris 1856 and Berlin 1878

4. Moral Economy versus Political Economy: The Russian Empire

5. Moral Economy versus Political Economy: The Ottoman Empire

6. Constitutionalism as External Deflection?

7. Nationalist Empires

8. Imperial Pan-Slavism

9. The Rise of Pan-Islamism and Pan-Turkism

10. Constitutional Empires on the Edge

11. The Rise of Social Question in Russia

12. Last Encounters